![]() ![]() Or: The Greeks built a huge horse and left it….Ĥ. Or: After building the huge horse, the Greeks left it…. GRAECI EQUUM INGENTEM AEDIFICATUM PROPE MARE RELIQUERUNT.Īnswer: The Greeks left the huge built horse near the sea. Or: When they'd prepared their ships, the allies sent them….ģ. SOCII NAVES PARATAS AD MENELAUM MISERUNT.Īnswer: The allies sent the prepared ships to Menelaus. Or: The slave carried the boy who had been injured by……Ģ. SERVUS PUERUM A CANE VULNERATUM AD URBEM PORTAVIT.Īnswer: The slave carried the boy injured by the dog to the city. Remember, there are likely to be plenty of possible ways of phrasing it!ġ. Run your cursor over the 'Answer' lines: a literal version has been supplied followed by one in better English. Maybe you disagree? There's not necessarily any ONE CORRECT answer. …and I'm not convinced by: 'Medea saw Jason and fell in love with him' Or even: 'Medea fell in love with Jason as soon as she saw him'īut definitely not: 'Medea fell in love with Jason whom she saw' Or: 'After seeing Jason, Medea fell in love with him' STEP 3: When she saw Jason, Medea fell in love with him STEP 2: 'the (h-b-) seen Jason' or 'Jason (h-b-)seen' - neither of which sounds at all good so far… so you immediately need to think of an improvement when you fit it together for… #2 (sometimes not every English improvement works!) Or The soldiers dragged the slaves into the forum and killed themĮ.g. Or After dragging the slaves into the forum, the soldiers killed them The soldiers killed the slaves whom they'd dragged into…… This obviously needs some improved English: 'The soldiers killed the slaves dragged into the forum' STEP 2 (x - y - z): 'the slaves (having-been-)dragged into the forum' MILITES SERVOS IN FORUM TRACTOS OCCIDERUNT. Here are a couple more examples of Past Participles in sentences - before you can have a go at some for yourself! To spot a PERFECT/PAST PARTICIPLE (I shall call them PAST Participles from now on!),remember to look for something that looks like the SUPINE of a verb you know, with the ending changed to look like a adjective. REMEMBER, this 'x - y - z' method works with Present and Future participles as well as with Past ones. Turn the participle into an actual MAIN VERB and join it to the second verb with an "AND" (this is the so-called 5-star method, because it often results in the most natural English): 'The boys FOUND some money in the street AND gave it to their mum'. Make a clause using "when" or "since": ' When/Since they'd found some money……'ĥ. Use "After -ing": ' After finding some money….'Ĥ. Try re-writing the block using "who" or "which" '…the money which they'd found….'ģ. Try adding "Having -ed": ' Having found some money….'Ģ. PARTICULARLY WITH PAST PARTICIPLES, you may then want to improve the way you express it in English. "The boys gave the money found in the street to their mother". Translate the remaining words and fit the whole sentence together: Use the order that sounds best in English.Ĥ. If there are NO words in between, it doesn't much matter in which order you translate the noun & the participle. …….the money (having-been-)found in the street…. IF THERE ARE WORDS IN BETWEEN THE NOUN AND THE PARTICIPLE, it is generally best to translate the 'block' in the following order: You may want to do this first if the noun is the subject (nom ending) but here in our example it is ACC case - the object - and we will need to do some of the other words first:ģ. Decide when it is time to translate this block within the sentence. These words (and any others that come between them) form one related idea in the sentence: a 'participle block'. Identify the participle AND the noun it agrees with (this will nearly always be somewhere in front of the participle). PUERI PECUNIAM IN VIA INVENTAM MATRI DEDERUNT.ġ. We will use the following sentence as an example: One method that can be useful to help translate any type of Participle is explained below. Similar to Past Participles, but change '-UM' to '-URUS -URA -URUM'. They decline like BONUS (regular 1 st/2 nd decl adjectives). adjective 'INGENS'.įorm these from the 4 th Principal Part (Supine): change '-UM' to 'US -A -UM'. HERE ARE CHARTS SHOWING THE FORMATION OF THESE PARTICIPLES:įorm these from the 1 st Principal Part they decline (mostly) like the 3 rd decl. He caught the boy about to steal his toga Much less common than the other 2, these mean "about to… (do the verb)"Į.g. They mean the verb, ending "(having-been) -ed"Į.g. These are always PASSIVE (apart from Deponent verbs). These have the meaning of the verb, ending "-ing" ![]() Latin verbs regularly have 3 Participles: Participles are actually ADJECTIVES formed from verbs: they usually agree with a noun in the sentence, and can also sometimes take a Direct Object. ![]()
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